home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
open in:
MacOS 8.1
|
Win98
|
DOS
browse contents |
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was processed as: Mailbox/MIME Entity
(archive/mbox).
Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
---|
100%
| dexvert
| Newsgroup Content (archive/news)
| magic
| Supported |
100%
| dexvert
| Mailbox/MIME Entity (archive/mbox)
| magic
| Supported |
100%
| dexvert
| Internet Message Format (text/imf)
| magic
| Supported |
1%
| dexvert
| Text File (text/txt)
| fallback
| Supported |
100%
| file
| news, ASCII text
| default
| |
100%
| checkBytes
| Printable ASCII
| default
| |
100%
| dexmagic
| PrintFox/Pagefox WEAK
| default
| |
100%
| perlTextCheck
| Likely Text (Perl)
| default
| |
100%
| siegfried
| fmt/950 MIME Email (1.0)
| default
| |
100%
| detectItEasy
| Format: plain text[LF]
| default (weak)
| |
100%
| xdgMime
| message/news
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 50 61 74 68 3a 20 73 75 | 6e 72 69 73 65 2e 67 76 |Path: su|nrise.gv|
|00000010| 2e 73 73 69 31 2e 63 6f | 6d 21 6e 65 77 73 0a 46 |.ssi1.co|m!news.F|
|00000020| 72 6f 6d 3a 20 4d 69 6b | 65 20 50 61 6c 6d 65 72 |rom: Mik|e Palmer|
|00000030| 20 3c 4d 69 6b 65 2e 50 | 61 6c 6d 65 72 40 74 75 | <Mike.P|almer@tu|
|00000040| 73 2e 73 73 69 31 2e 63 | 6f 6d 3e 0a 4e 65 77 73 |s.ssi1.c|om>.News|
|00000050| 67 72 6f 75 70 73 3a 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 2e 6c 61 6e |groups: |comp.lan|
|00000060| 67 2e 63 2b 2b 0a 53 75 | 62 6a 65 63 74 3a 20 52 |g.c++.Su|bject: R|
|00000070| 65 3a 20 42 43 2b 2b 20 | 34 2e 35 32 20 49 6e 74 |e: BC++ |4.52 Int|
|00000080| 65 6c 20 46 6c 6f 61 74 | 69 6e 67 20 50 6f 69 6e |el Float|ing Poin|
|00000090| 74 20 46 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 0a 44 61 74 65 3a 20 32 |t Format|.Date: 2|
|000000a0| 20 4d 61 72 20 31 39 39 | 36 20 30 35 3a 33 37 3a | Mar 199|6 05:37:|
|000000b0| 33 39 20 47 4d 54 0a 4f | 72 67 61 6e 69 7a 61 74 |39 GMT.O|rganizat|
|000000c0| 69 6f 6e 3a 20 53 69 6c | 69 63 6f 6e 20 53 79 73 |ion: Sil|icon Sys|
|000000d0| 74 65 6d 73 2c 20 49 6e | 63 2e 0a 4d 65 73 73 61 |tems, In|c..Messa|
|000000e0| 67 65 2d 49 44 3a 20 3c | 34 68 38 6d 72 33 24 34 |ge-ID: <|4h8mr3$4|
|000000f0| 6f 38 40 61 74 6c 61 73 | 2e 74 75 73 2e 73 73 69 |o8@atlas|.tus.ssi|
|00000100| 31 2e 63 6f 6d 3e 0a 52 | 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 |1.com>.R|eference|
|00000110| 73 3a 20 3c 33 31 33 36 | 33 37 31 36 2e 31 37 44 |s: <3136|3716.17D|
|00000120| 38 40 6c 65 78 69 63 6f | 6e 2e 6e 65 74 2e 61 75 |8@lexico|n.net.au|
|00000130| 3e 0a 4e 4e 54 50 2d 50 | 6f 73 74 69 6e 67 2d 48 |>.NNTP-P|osting-H|
|00000140| 6f 73 74 3a 20 70 63 32 | 35 39 75 2e 74 75 73 2e |ost: pc2|59u.tus.|
|00000150| 73 73 69 31 2e 63 6f 6d | 0a 4d 69 6d 65 2d 56 65 |ssi1.com|.Mime-Ve|
|00000160| 72 73 69 6f 6e 3a 20 31 | 2e 30 0a 43 6f 6e 74 65 |rsion: 1|.0.Conte|
|00000170| 6e 74 2d 54 79 70 65 3a | 20 74 65 78 74 2f 70 6c |nt-Type:| text/pl|
|00000180| 61 69 6e 3b 20 63 68 61 | 72 73 65 74 3d 75 73 2d |ain; cha|rset=us-|
|00000190| 61 73 63 69 69 0a 43 6f | 6e 74 65 6e 74 2d 54 72 |ascii.Co|ntent-Tr|
|000001a0| 61 6e 73 66 65 72 2d 45 | 6e 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 3a |ansfer-E|ncoding:|
|000001b0| 20 37 62 69 74 0a 58 2d | 4d 61 69 6c 65 72 3a 20 | 7bit.X-|Mailer: |
|000001c0| 4d 6f 7a 69 6c 6c 61 20 | 31 2e 32 32 20 28 57 69 |Mozilla |1.22 (Wi|
|000001d0| 6e 64 6f 77 73 3b 20 49 | 3b 20 31 36 62 69 74 29 |ndows; I|; 16bit)|
|000001e0| 0a 54 6f 3a 20 6c 75 63 | 61 73 40 6c 65 78 69 63 |.To: luc|as@lexic|
|000001f0| 6f 6e 2e 6e 65 74 2e 61 | 75 0a 0a 4c 75 63 61 73 |on.net.a|u..Lucas|
|00000200| 20 47 69 65 7a 65 6e 20 | 3c 6c 75 63 61 73 40 6c | Giezen |<lucas@l|
|00000210| 65 78 69 63 6f 6e 2e 6e | 65 74 2e 61 75 3e 20 77 |exicon.n|et.au> w|
|00000220| 72 6f 74 65 3a 0a 3e 57 | 65 20 61 72 65 20 64 65 |rote:.>W|e are de|
|00000230| 76 65 6c 6f 70 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 50 43 |veloping| on a PC|
|00000240| 20 70 6c 61 74 66 6f 72 | 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 75 | platfor|m and mu|
|00000250| 73 74 20 74 72 61 6e 73 | 66 65 72 20 66 6c 6f 61 |st trans|fer floa|
|00000260| 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 64 | 6f 75 62 6c 65 73 20 0a |ts and d|oubles .|
|00000270| 3e 74 6f 20 61 6e 20 49 | 42 4d 20 6d 61 69 6e 66 |>to an I|BM mainf|
|00000280| 72 61 6d 65 2e 0a 3e 0a | 3e 57 65 20 68 61 76 65 |rame..>.|>We have|
|00000290| 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 61 20 | 27 73 74 75 64 79 27 20 | done a |'study' |
|000002a0| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 20 |of the i|nternal |
|000002b0| 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 20 | 75 73 69 6e 67 20 64 65 |formats |using de|
|000002c0| 62 75 67 20 62 75 74 20 | 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 30 |bug but |around 0|
|000002d0| 20 61 20 0a 3e 6e 75 6d | 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 73 | a .>num|ber of s|
|000002e0| 74 72 61 6e 67 65 20 74 | 68 69 6e 67 73 20 6f 63 |trange t|hings oc|
|000002f0| 63 75 72 2e 20 41 64 64 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 69 73 |cur. Add| to this|
|00000300| 20 74 68 65 20 62 79 74 | 65 20 73 77 61 70 70 69 | the byt|e swappi|
|00000310| 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 0a 3e 49 6e 74 65 |ng of th|e .>Inte|
|00000320| 6c 20 63 68 69 70 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 69 6e 67 |l chip a|nd thing|
|00000330| 73 20 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 64 6f 20 6c 6f 6f 6b |s really| do look|
|00000340| 20 6f 64 64 2e 0a 3e 0a | 3e 44 6f 65 73 20 61 6e | odd..>.|>Does an|
|00000350| 79 6f 6e 65 20 68 61 76 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f |yone hav|e the fo|
|00000360| 72 6d 61 74 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 69 74 73 |rmat of |the bits|
|00000370| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 69 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 6c | in the |internal|
|00000380| 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | represe|ntation |
|00000390| 0a 3e 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 50 43 3f 20 28 57 |.>for th|e PC? (W|
|000003a0| 65 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 | 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 |e alread|y have t|
|000003b0| 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 66 | 72 61 6d 65 20 66 6f 72 |he mainf|rame for|
|000003c0| 6d 61 74 29 2e 20 41 6c | 73 6f 20 74 68 65 20 0a |mat). Al|so the .|
|000003d0| 3e 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 |>represe|ntations|
|000003e0| 20 6f 66 20 30 20 61 6e | 64 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | of 0 an|d other |
|000003f0| 6f 64 64 69 74 69 65 73 | 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 |oddities| would b|
|00000400| 65 20 61 70 70 72 65 63 | 69 61 74 65 64 2e 0a 3e |e apprec|iated..>|
|00000410| 0a 0a 49 74 27 73 20 62 | 65 65 6e 20 61 20 77 68 |..It's b|een a wh|
|00000420| 69 6c 65 20 73 69 6e 63 | 65 20 49 20 64 69 64 20 |ile sinc|e I did |
|00000430| 61 6e 79 20 6c 6f 77 20 | 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 46 50 |any low |level FP|
|00000440| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 6d 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 | program|ming on |
|00000450| 74 68 65 20 49 6e 74 65 | 6c 0a 70 6c 61 74 66 6f |the Inte|l.platfo|
|00000460| 72 6d 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | 49 20 73 75 73 70 65 63 |rm, but |I suspec|
|00000470| 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 | 74 27 73 20 73 74 69 6c |t that i|t's stil|
|00000480| 6c 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 | 73 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |l the ca|se that |
|00000490| 74 68 65 79 20 75 73 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 0a 49 45 |they use| the .IE|
|000004a0| 45 45 20 28 37 35 34 3f | 29 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 |EE (754?|) standa|
|000004b0| 72 64 20 66 6f 72 20 66 | 6c 6f 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |rd for f|loating |
|000004c0| 70 6f 69 6e 74 2e 0a 0a | 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 73 20 |point...|Numbers |
|000004d0| 61 72 65 20 72 65 70 72 | 65 73 65 6e 74 65 64 20 |are repr|esented |
|000004e0| 77 69 74 68 20 53 69 67 | 6e 20 28 53 29 2c 20 45 |with Sig|n (S), E|
|000004f0| 78 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 | 28 45 29 2c 20 61 6e 64 |xponent |(E), and|
|00000500| 20 46 72 61 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 28 46 29 20 0a 66 | Fractio|n (F) .f|
|00000510| 69 65 6c 64 73 2e 20 46 | 6f 72 20 73 69 6e 67 6c |ields. F|or singl|
|00000520| 65 20 61 6e 64 20 64 6f | 75 62 6c 65 20 70 72 65 |e and do|uble pre|
|00000530| 63 69 73 69 6f 6e 2c 20 | 74 68 65 73 65 20 66 69 |cision, |these fi|
|00000540| 65 6c 64 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 31 2c 38 2c 32 33 20 |elds are| 1,8,23 |
|00000550| 61 6e 64 0a 31 2c 31 31 | 2c 35 32 20 62 69 74 73 |and.1,11|,52 bits|
|00000560| 20 77 69 64 65 2c 20 72 | 65 73 70 65 63 74 69 76 | wide, r|espectiv|
|00000570| 65 6c 79 2e 20 53 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 4d 53 |ely. S i|s the MS|
|00000580| 42 2c 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f | 77 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 |B, follo|wed by t|
|00000590| 68 65 20 45 20 66 69 65 | 6c 64 2c 20 0a 66 6f 6c |he E fie|ld, .fol|
|000005a0| 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 74 68 65 20 46 20 66 |lowed by| the F f|
|000005b0| 69 65 6c 64 2e 0a 0a 54 | 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 |ield...T|here are|
|000005c0| 20 74 77 6f 20 72 65 70 | 72 65 73 65 6e 74 61 74 | two rep|resentat|
|000005d0| 69 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f 72 | 20 7a 65 72 6f 2c 20 70 |ions for| zero, p|
|000005e0| 6f 73 69 74 69 76 65 20 | 61 6e 64 20 6e 65 67 61 |ositive |and nega|
|000005f0| 74 69 76 65 2e 20 50 6f | 73 69 74 69 76 65 20 0a |tive. Po|sitive .|
|00000600| 7a 65 72 6f 20 68 61 73 | 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 62 |zero has| every b|
|00000610| 69 74 20 73 65 74 20 74 | 6f 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 28 |it set t|o zero (|
|00000620| 30 78 30 30 30 30 29 2e | 20 4e 65 67 61 74 69 76 |0x0000).| Negativ|
|00000630| 65 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 68 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 53 |e zero h|as the S|
|00000640| 20 62 69 74 20 0a 73 65 | 74 20 74 6f 20 6f 6e 65 | bit .se|t to one|
|00000650| 20 28 30 78 38 30 30 30 | 29 2e 20 42 6f 74 68 20 | (0x8000|). Both |
|00000660| 74 68 65 73 65 20 76 61 | 6c 75 65 73 20 61 72 65 |these va|lues are|
|00000670| 20 73 75 70 70 6f 73 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 65 76 61 | suppose|d to eva|
|00000680| 6c 75 61 74 65 20 74 6f | 20 7a 65 72 6f 2e 20 0a |luate to| zero. .|
|00000690| 54 68 65 20 68 65 78 20 | 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 68 |The hex |values h|
|000006a0| 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 73 69 6e 67 |ere are |for sing|
|000006b0| 6c 65 20 70 72 65 63 69 | 73 69 6f 6e 20 46 50 2e |le preci|sion FP.|
|000006c0| 20 0a 0a 54 68 65 72 65 | 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 73 | ..There| are res|
|000006d0| 65 72 76 65 64 20 76 61 | 6c 75 65 73 20 66 6f 72 |erved va|lues for|
|000006e0| 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 76 | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 6e 65 | positiv|e and ne|
|000006f0| 67 61 74 69 76 65 20 69 | 6e 66 69 6e 69 74 79 2c |gative i|nfinity,|
|00000700| 20 61 6e 64 20 4e 6f 74 | 20 61 20 0a 4e 75 6d 62 | and Not| a .Numb|
|00000710| 65 72 20 28 4e 61 4e 29 | 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 |er (NaN)|. There |
|00000720| 61 72 65 20 61 6c 73 6f | 20 66 6c 61 67 73 20 74 |are also| flags t|
|00000730| 6f 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61 | 74 65 20 64 69 76 69 64 |o indica|te divid|
|00000740| 65 20 62 79 20 7a 65 72 | 6f 2c 20 6f 76 65 72 20 |e by zer|o, over |
|00000750| 61 6e 64 0a 75 6e 64 65 | 72 66 6c 6f 77 73 2c 20 |and.unde|rflows, |
|00000760| 61 6e 64 20 73 6f 20 6f | 6e 2e 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 |and so o|n. Some |
|00000770| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6f | 64 64 20 65 66 66 65 63 |of the o|dd effec|
|00000780| 74 73 20 79 6f 75 20 61 | 72 65 20 73 65 65 69 6e |ts you a|re seein|
|00000790| 67 20 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 | 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 0a 6d |g around| zero .m|
|000007a0| 61 79 20 62 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 |ay be th|e result|
|000007b0| 20 6f 66 20 72 65 73 65 | 72 76 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | of rese|rving th|
|000007c0| 65 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 65 | 73 74 20 70 6f 73 69 74 |e smalle|st posit|
|000007d0| 69 76 65 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6e 65 67 61 74 69 76 65 |ive and |negative|
|000007e0| 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 73 | 20 0a 66 6f 72 20 75 73 | numbers| .for us|
|000007f0| 65 20 61 73 20 66 6c 61 | 67 73 20 2d 20 49 20 63 |e as fla|gs - I c|
|00000800| 61 6e 27 74 20 72 65 6d | 65 6d 62 65 72 20 6e 6f |an't rem|ember no|
|00000810| 77 20 68 6f 77 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 69 73 20 64 6f |w how th|is is do|
|00000820| 6e 65 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 | 20 49 45 45 45 20 73 74 |ne...The| IEEE st|
|00000830| 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 69 73 |andard f|ormat is|
|00000840| 20 70 72 65 74 74 79 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 2c 20 | pretty |common, |
|00000850| 61 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 | 20 4d 6f 74 6f 72 6f 6c |although| Motorol|
|00000860| 61 2c 20 44 45 43 20 28 | 61 74 20 0a 6c 65 61 73 |a, DEC (|at .leas|
|00000870| 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 56 41 58 29 2c |t with t|he VAX),|
|00000880| 20 61 6e 64 20 70 72 6f | 62 61 62 6c 79 20 49 42 | and pro|bably IB|
|00000890| 4d 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c | 6c 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 |M as wel|l don't |
|000008a0| 75 73 65 20 69 74 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 65 61 73 69 |use it. |The easi|
|000008b0| 65 73 74 20 0a 70 6c 61 | 63 65 20 74 6f 20 67 65 |est .pla|ce to ge|
|000008c0| 74 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |t docume|ntation |
|000008d0| 69 73 20 70 72 6f 62 61 | 62 6c 79 20 69 6e 20 61 |is proba|bly in a|
|000008e0| 20 62 6f 6f 6b 20 64 65 | 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 77 69 | book de|aling wi|
|000008f0| 74 68 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 0a |th progr|amming .|
|00000900| 74 68 65 20 49 6e 74 65 | 6c 2e 20 49 20 68 61 76 |the Inte|l. I hav|
|00000910| 65 6e 27 74 20 74 72 69 | 65 64 20 73 65 61 72 63 |en't tri|ed searc|
|00000920| 68 69 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 | 20 69 74 2c 20 62 75 74 |hing for| it, but|
|00000930| 20 49 27 6c 6c 20 62 65 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 0a 69 | I'll be|t the .i|
|00000940| 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 27 73 20 6f 6e 20 |nformati|on's on |
|00000950| 74 68 65 20 57 65 62 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 65 72 |the Web |somewher|
|00000960| 65 20 74 6f 6f 2e 2e 2e | 0a 0a 47 6f 6f 64 20 6c |e too...|..Good l|
|00000970| 75 63 6b 2e 20 43 68 61 | 6e 67 69 6e 67 20 66 6f |uck. Cha|nging fo|
|00000980| 72 6d 61 74 73 20 63 61 | 6e 20 62 65 20 61 20 72 |rmats ca|n be a r|
|00000990| 65 61 6c 20 70 61 69 6e | 2e 20 49 20 64 69 64 20 |eal pain|. I did |
|000009a0| 69 74 20 62 65 74 77 65 | 65 6e 20 61 20 56 41 58 |it betwe|en a VAX|
|000009b0| 20 0a 61 6e 64 20 49 6e | 74 65 6c 20 73 6f 6d 65 | .and In|tel some|
|000009c0| 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 61 | 67 6f 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | years a|go, and |
|000009d0| 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 | 65 6e 76 79 20 79 6f 75 |I don't |envy you|
|000009e0| 20 74 68 65 20 74 61 73 | 6b 2e 20 47 6f 6f 64 20 | the tas|k. Good |
|000009f0| 6c 75 63 6b 2e 0a 0a 50 | 53 3a 20 49 20 64 6f 20 |luck...P|S: I do |
|00000a00| 68 61 76 65 20 63 6f 70 | 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 |have cop|ies of t|
|00000a10| 68 65 20 49 45 45 45 20 | 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 |he IEEE |standard|
|00000a20| 73 20 61 74 20 68 6f 6d | 65 20 2d 20 69 66 20 79 |s at hom|e - if y|
|00000a30| 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 27 74 | 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 0a |ou can't| track .|
|00000a40| 74 68 65 6d 20 64 6f 77 | 6e 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 79 |them dow|n, and y|
|00000a50| 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 61 6e 79 20 73 70 65 63 |ou have |any spec|
|00000a60| 69 66 69 63 20 71 75 65 | 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 |ific que|stions, |
|00000a70| 65 2d 6d 61 69 6c 20 6d | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 49 27 |e-mail m|e and I'|
|00000a80| 6c 6c 20 74 72 79 0a 74 | 6f 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 |ll try.t|o check |
|00000a90| 66 6f 72 20 79 6f 75 2e | 0a 0a 2d 2d 20 4d 69 6b |for you.|..-- Mik|
|00000aa0| 65 20 2d 2d 0a 0a | |e --.. | |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+